#COLD WAR TIMELINE 3D MODEL VERIFICATION#

'It was a weapon designed for one simple task: crossing the killing zone between trench lines and breaking into enemy (defences).' The armoured tank was intended to be able to protect against bullets and shell splinters, and pass through barbed wire in a way infantry units could not hope to, thus allowing the stalemate to be broken.įew recognised during World War I that the means for returning mobility and shock action to combat was already present in a device destined to revolutionise warfare on the ground and in the air. The tank was originally designed as a special weapon to solve an unusual tactical situation: the stalemate of the trenches on the Western Front. The great weakness of the tank's predecessor, the armoured car, was that it required smooth terrain to move upon, and new developments were needed for cross-country capability. World War I generated new demands for armoured self-propelled weapons which could navigate any kind of terrain, and this led to the development of the tank. Pavel Podvig, “Strategic fleet,” Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces, 8 April 2016, 1.2 American tracked tractors in Europe OPCW Director-General Commends Major Milestone as Russia Completes Destruction of Chemical Weapons Stockpile under OPCW Verification,” The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, 27 September 2017, United Nations, Security Council, 8203rd Meeting (S/PV.8203), 17 March 2018, pg 10.

#COLD WAR TIMELINE 3D MODEL VERIFICATION#

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Russia, Press Statement, “Basic Principles of State Policy of the Russian Federation on Nuclear Deterrence”, Article IV and V, 8 June 2020, United States Department of State, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, “2016 Adherence to and Compliance with Arms Control, Nonproliferation, and Disarmament Agreements and Commitments,” 11 April 2016,. “Russian Nuclear Forces, 2022.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 78, no.

Missile Zababakhin All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Technical Physics (VNIITF).

Nuclear Urals Elektromechanical Plant (UEMZ).

Nuclear Urals Electrochemical Combine (Uekhk).

Nuclear Troitskii Institute of Innovative and Thermonuclear Research (TRINITI).

Missile State Atomic Energy Cooperation Rosatom.

Chemical Start Production Association (PO Start).

Missile Siberian Chemical Combine (SKhK).

Nuclear Sever Production Association (PO Sever).

Nuclear Scientific Research Institute for Instruments (NIIP) (Lytkarino).

Nuclear Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant (NCCP).Nuclear National Research Center Kurchatov Institute.

Nuclear National Operator for Radioactive Waste Management (NO RAO).Dollezhal Scientific Research and Design Institute of Energy Technologies (NIKIET) Chemical Moscow Engineering and Physics Institute (MIFI or MEPhI).Nuclear Mining and Chemical Combine (GKhK).Nuclear Machine-Building Plant (Elemash).Missile Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR).Leypunsky Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE) Nuclear Federal Service for Environmental, Technological, and Nuclear Oversight (Rostekhnadzor).Nuclear Electrochemical Plant (EKhZ) Production Association.Missile Chepetsky Mechanical Plant (ChMZ).Missile Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya.Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (IPPN or PNPI) Nuclear AtomRedMetZoloto (ARMZ Uranium Holding).Missile All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Experimental Physics (VNIIEF) (Nuclear).Nuclear All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Experimental Physics (VNIIEF) (Missile).Nuclear All-Russian Scientific Institute of Measuring Systems (NIIIS).Nuclear All-Russia Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA).Nuclear Afrikantov Experimental Design Bureau for Mechanical Engineering (OKBM).

Aleksandrov Scientific Research Technological Institute (NITI) Alikhanov Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) Bochvar High-Technology Scientific Research Institute for Inorganic Materials (VNIINM)

Cold war timeline 3d model